Long-Run Returns to Education: Does Schooling Lead to an Extended Old Age?
利用荷兰义务教育法改革，发现多上一年学能使男性在81岁后活到89岁的概率提高约3个百分点，证实教育对长寿有因果影响。
While there is no doubt that health is strongly correlated with education, whether schooling exerts a causal impact on health is not firmly established. We exploit a Dutch compulsory schooling law to estimate the causal effect of education on mortality. The reform provides a powerful instrument, significantly raising years of schooling, which, in turn, has a significant and robust negative effect on mortality. For men surviving to age 81, an extra year of schooling is estimated to reduce the probability of dying before the age of 89 by almost 3 percentage points relative to a baseline of 50 percent.