Power, competition and the free tradervulgaris
对比新古典经济学与马克思对竞争的看法，指出新古典将竞争视为自然人性而权力为限制，马克思则揭示竞争是资本主义的强制机制，并批评新古典经济学（包括激进派）因忽视阶级关系而沦为庸俗政治经济学的现代形式。
Competition is taken for granted by neoclassical economics: its cause is human nature and its functioning is the result of spontaneous interactions. As such it is contrasted with power, which is an unnatural restriction on human liberty. By contrast, Marx discusses competition as a coercive mechanism. Historically, competition develops with the development of market relations and what today appears as âhuman natureâ is part of this process. Thus it is within competition and not outside of it that Marx explains the coercive nature of capitalism. His critique shows that competition and power appear to be antithetical because market relations are based on individual freedom. However class relations are another essential aspect of capitalism. By neglecting these relations, neoclassical economists (including those of a âradicalâ inspiration) implicitly espouse the ruling classâs viewpoint, which they simply translate into rigorous mathematical terms. In this sense they are the modern expression of what Marx called the âvulgar political economyâ.