Marginal Cost Pricing When Spot Markets Are Complete
提出一个模型，在不确定总超额需求的过程中不限制交易，通过按销售概率定义商品来扩展商品空间，并指出不区分销售概率可能导致竞争范式被拒绝。
The standard formulation of a spot mark et subject to uncertain excess demand uses a tatonnement process that restricts trade until the market-clearing price is found. I present a model in which there is no restriction on trade during the process of the resolution of uncertainty about aggregate excess demand. the idea is to enlarge the commodity space and define goods by the probability that they will sell, in addition to other characteristics. The probability of sale characteristic is the spot market analogue of the contingencies under which delivery will take place in the Arrow-Debreu model. A failure to distinguish goods by the probability of sale characteristic can lead to the rejection of the competitive paradigm. Copyright 1990 by University of Chicago Press.