Bioenergy crop production and climate policies: a von Thunen model and the case of reed canary grass in Finland
研究了生物能源作物在考虑运输成本时如何最优布局以抵消化石燃料温室气体排放，并以芬兰芦苇草为例，发现即使距离电厂100公里，生产仍具社会最优性且每公顷可抵消超6吨CO2排放。
We examine the potential of bioenergy crops to offset greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, assuming homogeneous agricultural land and distance-dependent transport costs. Variable transport costs define the socially and privately optimal extensive margin of the bioenergy crop production and imply that fertiliser intensity differs across locations. Under current policy, private fertiliser application is suboptimal, requiring location-specific input, transport or output subsidies. The theoretical model is applied to reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) in Finland, which offsets emissions from peat in electricity production. If oats is the alternative crop, and taking permit price of CO2 emissions as the proxy for climate benefits over the life cycle, reed canary grass production is socially optimal even 100 km away from the power plant and still offsets more than 6 tons/ha of CO2 emissions from peat.