Endogenous Product Differentiation and Trade Policy: Implications for the U.S. Food Industry
评估了关税对垄断竞争行业中中间品和最终品的影响，发现中间品关税会减少企业数量和产出，而结合最终品关税时企业数量变化不确定。对美国食品加工业的数值模拟显示，中间品关税下企业数量下降幅度大于产出下降。
Abstract The effects of tariffs on intermediate inputs and final goods in monopolistically competitive industries are assessed. Output per firm and firm numbers decline due to input tariffs. When coupled with output tariffs, the change in firm numbers is ambiguous. Numerical illustrations for U.S. food processing industries indicate the decline in firm numbers is larger than the decrease in firm output for input tariffs. Monopolistic competition strengthens the response to input tariffs compared to perfect competition. Considering the joint effects of input and output tariffs, the direction of change in total output may differ between monopolistic and perfect competition.