Giffen Goods, the Survival Imperative, and the Irish Potato Culture
结合古典经济学对生存需求的强调，修正了吉芬行为的现代解释，将生存约束纳入效用函数，并应用于1845-48年饥荒前爱尔兰的马铃薯文化，说明该文化受类似吉芬效应的生存驱动行为塑造。
This paper modifies the modern explanation of Giffen behavior by incorporating the classical emphasis on subsistence. Specifically, the calculated redirection of consumption priorities by those reduced to subsistence levels is embodied in the utility function and the biological necessity of consuming sufficient nutrition to support health is modeled as a subsistence constraint. This methodology is then applied to the potato culture that existed in Ireland prior to the 1845-48 famine. It is suggested that the evolution of this culture was shaped by subsistence-driven behavior similar to the behavior that underlies the Giffen effect. Copyright 1994 by University of Chicago Press.