Conceptualizing and Measuring Organizational and Psychological Climate: Pitfalls in Multilevel Research
指出组织氛围和心理氛围研究中常见的跨层次推断问题，主张将组织作为组织氛围的理论单位、个体作为心理氛围的理论单位，并讨论改进测量效度和信度的策略。
Organizational and psychological climate research has been plagued by cross-level inference problems. This paper advocates treating the organization as the unit of theory for organizational climate while preserving the individual as the unit of theory for psychological climate. It examines multilevel conceptual problems in climate research and discusses strategies/or improving the validity and assessing the reliability of measurement. Additional multilevel research on climate and other areas of organizational science, particularly organizational culture, is encouraged.