CHINESE–FILIPINO WAGE DIFFERENTIALS IN EARLY-TWENTIETH-CENTURY MANILA
利用1900年马尼拉劳动力市场调查数据，发现华人平均工资比菲律宾人高约三分之一，主要源于加班补偿和行业分布差异，难以识别纯粹的种族工资溢价。
Racial or ethnic wage differentials are common in labor markets composed of easily identifiable groups. This article analyzes a rare source of historical wage data for nonwhite populations. An American labor-market survey of Manila in 1900 revealed that average Chinese wages were about a third higher than Filipino wages. This differential appears to have been in large part an overtime premium that compensated Chinese for their longer workdays; partly it reflected Chinese segregation into higher-paying industries. It is, by contrast, very hard to identify any “pure” ethnic wage premium.