New trade theory versus old trade policy: a continuing enigma
审视了贸易自由化的理论和实证依据，指出传统论点理论基础脆弱，新贸易理论虽支持干预但被其倡导者以站不住脚的政治经济学理由拒绝，且现有实证研究不支持自由化主张。
This paper examines the theoretical and empirical grounds for trade liberalisation. We note that many of the conventional arguments relating to the static and dynamic gains from liberalisation are based on fragile theoretical grounds. We also show that, although new trade theory takes account of some of the complexities of international trade and although the analytical thrust of many models justifies intervention, such policy conclusions are rejected even by those at the forefront of these theories on the grounds of political economy arguments which do not stand up to careful scrutiny. Finally, we show that arguments favouring trade liberalisation are not supported by existing empirical research, which generally fails to capture the complex and ambiguous effects of liberalisation and openness.