What changes energy consumption? Prices and public pressures
利用加州2000-2001年能源危机期间的家庭数据，发现价格上限会阻碍能源使用的快速减少，而节约呼吁和信息项目能持续降低能源需求。
Policymakers often seek to limit energy prices following market shocks, and instead issue public appeals to reduce demand. This article presents new evidence on how price changes and conservation appeals affect energy consumption, using household‐level data from California's energy crisis during 2000 and 2001. The evidence indicates that when policymakers cap energy prices following market shocks, they preclude substantial—and quite rapid—reductions in energy use. The data also reveal that conservation appeals and informational programs can produce sustained reductions in energy demand.