Japan's Different Trade Regime: An Analysis with Particular Reference to Keiretsu
探讨日本市场是否因企业集团等非关税壁垒而仍然封闭，回顾了日本发展战略与增长来源的争论，并评估了企业集团对贸易的影响及是否需要公共政策回应。
Many claim that although formal trade barriers have been removed at the border, Japanese markets remain unusually closed because of non-tariff barriers. After describing Japan's development strategy and the debate over the sources of Japanese growth, we consider current trade barriers. Recent research has made some headway investigating the impact of one of the alleged “invisible” barriers. In particular, efforts have been made to test if the behavior of Japanese corporate groups, known as keiretsu, creates a barrier to trade. Finally we consider whether private sector trade restrictions warrant a public response; what, if anything, should be done about keiretsu?