Decreasing Organizational Size: Untangling the Effects of Money and People
整合心理学和社会学视角，区分资金损失与裁员对组织结构和工作的不同影响，提出资金损失导致机械化转变，而裁员在短期引发机械化、长期则转向更灵活的协调控制方式。
Literature on declining organizations focuses on two indicators of decreasing size—loss of financial resources and work force reduction. This effort to integrate the decline and size literatures combines psychological and sociological perspectives to distinguish between the effects of these two variables. Following the psychological threat-rigidity thesis, loss of financial resources is proposed to cause mechanistic shifts in organizational structures and jobs. We advance a more complex model about the influence of work force reduction that combines psychological and sociological perspectives. In the short term, the threat provoked by work force reduction brings about mechanistic shifts in structures and jobs. In the long term, however, the threat wanes and, following sociological theory, a second set of shifts occurs, in which less mechanistic means of coordination and control are used for the smaller work force.