Drivers of vertical intra-industry trade: the case of the Hungarian agri-food sector
研究了匈牙利与欧盟农业食品贸易中垂直产业内贸易的驱动因素，发现要素禀赋负相关、经济规模正相关，距离负相关，新成员国间贸易更活跃，欧盟加入影响不明确。
This article investigates the drivers of vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) in Hungarian agri-food trade with the European Union (EU). It identifies three possible ways to measure intra-industry trade (IIT) flows (GHM, FF, and N methods) and defines six hypotheses to test for the drivers of VIIT with three panel data models (static, dynamic, and FEVD). The results suggest that factor endowments are negatively, while economic size is positively and significantly related to VIIT. Distance and VIIT were found to be negatively related as is commonly the case in the standard gravity model. It was also found that VIIT is greater if a New Member State (NMS) is exporting agri-food produce to an NMS, while EU accession has ambiguously influenced the share of VIIT. In general, it seems that our results are independent from model estimations and interestingly they do not differ considerably as we a priori expected. Moreover, our results seem surprisingly robust across various measurements of ITT.