Pushing Scientists into the Marketplace: Promoting Science Entrepreneurship
研究了德国和日本如何通过改革国家研发体系和提供定向激励，推动生物技术科学家申请专利并创办企业，以追赶美国在基础科学和商业化方面的领先地位。
The need to play catch-up in biotechnology has led Germany and Japan to adopt novel technology policies. While policies to assist domestic industries have traditionally been geared toward incumbent firms, current trends revolve around entrepreneurship—reforms in the national R&D system and targeted incentives for biotechnology scientists to file patents and start up their own firms. Japan in particular has recognized that catching up with the U.S. in basic science and in the commercialization of scientific research represents a kind of final frontier.