The Japanese Management Theory Jungle
回顾了关于日本管理实践有效性的多种竞争性理论，试图分类和澄清当前知识状态，指出单一理论无法解释其复杂性，需要发展整合模型。
Many competing hypotheses have been advanced to account for the apparent effectiveness of Japanese management practices. The present review of some of the leading theories attempts to classify and clarify the state of knowledge of Japanese management. Although each theory may be correct as a partial explanation of Japan's success, no single conceptualization has captured the complexity of Japan's managerial achievement. Further development of integrated, internally consistent models is needed.