The Effect of Government Funding on Private Industrial Research and Development: A Re-Assessment
指出，由于未能区分政府销售与其他销售，以往关于联邦工业研发对私人研发资金影响的估计存在严重向上偏差，并提供了计量经济学证据支持这一假设。
A number of previous studies have attempted to determine the effect of federal support of research and development (R& D) performed in industry on the rate of private investment in R&D, by estimating regressions of private R & D expenditure on federal industrial R & D expenditure, controlling for total demand (sales) and in some cases other variables. This paper presents arguments and econometric evidence in support of the hypothesis that, due to misspecification of the private R&D equation (i.e., failure to distinguish government sales from other sales), previous estimates of the effect of federal industrial R & D on private R & D funding are seriously upwardly biased.