Do Oil Windfalls Improve Living Standards? Evidence from Brazil
利用巴西各市石油产量的差异，研究了资源暴利对政府行为的影响，发现石油收入增加并未如预期般显著提升公共服务和家庭收入。
We use variation in oil output among Brazilian municipalities to investigate the effects of resource windfalls on government behavior. Oil-rich municipalities experience increases in revenues and report corresponding increases in spending on public goods and services. However, survey data and administrative records indicate that social transfers, public good provision, infrastructure, and household income increase less (if at all) than one might expect given the higher reported spending.