Differential Environmental Regulation: Effects on Electric Utility Capital Turnover and Emissions
检验了差异化监管是否降低了电力行业资本周转率并导致二氧化硫排放增加。基于44家私营电力企业1969-83年数据，发现监管使资本平均老化3.29年，但对排放无显著影响；若无监管，排放可能增加34.6%。
This paper tests the hypothesis that differential regulations reduced the rate of capital turnover in the electric utility industry, resulting in increased emissions of sulfur dioxide. Based on a sample of forty-four privately owned electric utilities operating over the period 1969-83, the authors' results indicate that (1) regulation increased the age of capital by an average of 3.29 years (24.6 percent); (2) increases in the age of capital have no statistically significant impact on emissions; and (3) in the absence of regulation, emissions would have increased by 3.79 tons per million kWhs (34.6 percent). Copyright 1993 by MIT Press.