Institutional Pressures and Isomorphic Change: An Empirical Test
研究了36个国家体育组织在政府机构压力下向专业化和官僚化转变的过程，发现组织整体趋向同构，但部分结构元素变化较小，显示出对制度压力的抵抗。
This paper examines the process of isomorphic change. It does so by examin ing the dynamics of the change process and looking at change holistically. Using a population of 36 national-level sport organizations, subject to environ mental pressures from a state agency to adopt a more professional and bureau cratic design, the paper shows that over time there is an increase in the level of homogeneity of these organizations. Although the general shift is to a more professional and bureaucratic type of organization, certain elements of struc ture do not change as much as others, thus demonstrating resistance to institu tional pressures. The processes by which the changes that occurred took place are explored.