Industrial Relations and Firm Behavior: Informal Labor Practices in the West Coast Longshore Industry
研究了西海岸码头行业中，大型航运公司子公司与独立运营商在集体合同执行和熟练工人竞争上的差异，发现子公司更宽松、更积极，支持了工人资源理论。
The industrial relations policies and practices of stevedore firms in the West Coast longshore industry are considered in terms of three theories -the social-control, workerresource, and institutionalist theories. Firm behavior was assessed by examining how leniently companies interpreted and enforced their coastwide collective bargaining agreement with longshore workers and how actively they competed for the services of the most skilled workers, the crane operators. Significant differences in behavior were observed between firms that were subsidiaries of large steamship lines and firms that were independent operators. The former were more lenient in contract interpretation and more competitive in recruitment than were the latter. These findings supported the worker-resource theory-workers and union officials took advantage of the subsidiaries' insulation from market competition to bargain for extracontractual benefits that the independents were unable to provide. Some implications fortheory and research are drawn from the findings.*