A theoretical assessment of the empirical literature on the impact of multinationality on performance
从理论角度评估了企业跨国经营程度与绩效关系的实证研究，认为跨国经营程度是企业内部协调与市场组织之间的选择结果，不存在净收益的必然性，并指出文献中的操作化方式与理论不匹配，呼吁重新审视该领域。
Abstract I assess the theoretical basis for the existence of a relationship between the size of a firm's foreign footprint (its multinationality) and its performance. I argue that multinationality results from a firm's choice between coordinating internally the stages of its value chain and letting them be organized on the market and hence that there are no reasons to expect net gains from an increase or a decrease in multinationality, the only profitability impact coming from a firm having made the wrong choice and being over‐ or under‐integrated compared to the optimum. I then show that the way the literature has operationalized multinationality does not match the theoretical arguments it has advanced. I conclude that a reassessment of the literature is overdue and point to some new directions.