The effects of proximity and transportation on developing country population migrations
综述距离如何阻碍发展中国家内部及国际迁移，探讨相关假说，并分析其对地理贫困陷阱形成与持续的影响，最后提出政策研究建议。
A substantial body of evidence indicates that distance deters migration, internally and internationally, in the industrialized as well as the developing economies. Despite this, distance plays almost no role either in the development literature or even the new economic geography. After a brief overview of the types of evidence on the role of distance in affecting migration, the paper critically examines a number of hypotheses as to why distance might deter migration, then draws out some implications for the emergence and persistence of geographic poverty traps. The paper closes with a series of suggestions for additional research and data needs, to better inform policy decisions that impinge upon the geographic distribution of poverty, and hence upon the potential for trickle‐down development.