Labour and Its Discontents: The Consequences of Orthodox Reform in Venezuela and Mexico
研究了委内瑞拉和墨西哥的正统自由化改革对劳动市场的负面影响，包括非正规就业、失业和移民增加，以及工资与生产率差距扩大，对关注发展中国家劳动市场的研究者有用。
Abstract The negative impacts of orthodox liberalisation policies on labour in Venezuela and Mexico were representative of outcomes elsewhere in Latin America. Untheorised increases in precarious informal work, unemployment, and emigration as well as a growing breech between wages and productivity followed trade, capital, and labour market reforms and the prescribed macro stabilisation policies. Orthodox reforms in both countries paradoxically facilitated market failures given the forms or modes taken by foreign direct investment (FDI), which introduced ever more increasing scale economies with their attendant information imperfections. In addition, the growing competition from tradeable goods faced by domestic producers in both countries and the decision to buy rather than make technologies by way of FDI undermined job creation and induced inter-sectoral flows toward service sector and informal work.