The Impact of Local Demand on Innovation in a Global Industry
研究了需求知识如何像技术知识一样具有隐性且本地化的特征，通过对全球制药产业的实证分析，发现需求在决定创新模式上与技术知识同等重要，且创新是本地决定的现象。
Abstract Localization of knowledge flows has been extensively examined in the literature on innovation. However, almost all previous research has focused on technological knowledge. This study examines why knowledge of demand can also be tacit and localized. We provide a detailed empirical study of the global pharmaceutical industry and find not only that demand is as important as technological knowledge in determining the pattern of innovation in this industry but also that innovation is a locally determined phenomenon. These findings contribute to research regarding determinants of innovations and provide an explanation for geographic patterns of innovation that is distinct from technological knowledge spillovers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.