The Distribution and Redistribution of Opportunity
整合并评述了关于机会分配与再分配的三支经济学文献，涵盖机会集测量、机会不平等测量及促进机会平等的再分配机制设计，为非技术读者提供该活跃研究领域的概览并指出未来研究方向。
Recent theories of distributive justice focus on individual opportunities as the appropriate standard for distributive judgements. To translate this philosophical view into concrete public policy, three branches of economic literature have arisen, which we draw together here and critically assess. These concern ( i ) the measurement of individuals’ opportunity sets, ( ii ) the measurement of the degree of inequality present in a distribution of opportunities, and ( iii ) the design of redistribution mechanisms intended to increase the degree of ‘opportunity equality’. The purpose of the exposition is to unify the three themes, to give a flavour in non‐technical terms of what is going on in these very active literatures, and to indicate areas which remain open for research.