Child Labour in Indonesian Small Industries
分析了印度尼西亚村庄层面小型制造企业中童工的地理分布，发现信贷获取和学校邻近性在减少童工供给的同时，也因吸引企业而增加了童工需求，因此减少童工需配合促进上学的政策。
Abstract We analyse the geographic incidence of child labour in small manufacturing firms in Indonesia at the village level. Our unique data set covers virtually all Indonesian villages and urban neighbourhoods; it allows us to distinguish between demand and supply side determinants of child labour. We show by correcting for sample selection that a number of counterintuitive results – child labour being unaffected by credit access and school proximity – are the result of an interplay between supply and demand side determinants. Credit access and school proximity reduce child labour supply, but simultaneously constitute positive location factors for firms thereby increasing the demand for child labourers. To effectively reduce child labour, growth oriented policies, such as enhancing school and credit facilities, should be complemented by policies specifically geared towards increasing school attendance.