A Language Theory of Discrimination
构建了一个模型，认为人们只有使用相同语言才能有效合作，而学习第二语言成本高昂。竞争市场倾向于通过隔离减少沟通，但若必须互动，成本将由少数群体承担。模型推导出若干非平凡预测。
Any advanced industrial society is composed of a number of speech communities with different verbal and nonverbal languages. In particular, in the United States blacks and whites and men and women have sharply differing methods of speaking and listening. This paper develops a model in which people can only work together if they "speak" the same language and in which it is costly to learn a second language. The competitive market will tend to minimize communication through segregation, but if interaction is required, the cost will be borne by the minority. A number of nontrivial predictions are derived from the model.