Environmental Emissions and Production Economics: Implications of the Materials Balance
考虑物质平衡原则，检验了将排放视为生产投入或使用显式排放函数的建模方法，证明在物质平衡条件下这些方法等价，为常见但缺乏严格推导的模型提供了形式化基础。
In modeling emissions, the literature has usually specified an explicit emission function, or treated emissions as a production input. We examine the validity of these approaches, taking into account the materials balance principle. We show that a technology can equivalently be described by (i) a production function with material and nonmaterial inputs and bounded marginal product of the material input, (ii) a well‐behaved production function with emissions as an input, and (iii) a well‐behaved emission function, if the materials balance is accounted for as an additional condition. We offer a forma derivation of common, but not rigorously established modeling approaches.