Technical Dialog as an Incentive for Vertical Integration in the Semiconductor Industry
用交易成本框架解释美国半导体行业出现无晶圆厂企业的结构性变化，提出非结构化技术对话概念，认为垂直整合效率取决于设计阶段与制造阶段之间非结构化技术对话的需求水平，并通过年轻半导体企业数据验证了该假设。
A curious structural change observed in the American semiconductor industry (the appearance of a class of “fabless” firms) is examined within a general transaction costs framework. The framework is refined for empirical application with the introduction of the construct “unstructured technical dialog.” The necessary level of this form of interpersonal communication between engineers in the design and fabrication stages of production is hypothesized to be positively related to the efficiency of a vertically integrated structure in which both stages are organized under a single hierarchy “Fablessness” (i.e., the organizational separation of the design and fabrication stages) is argued to be efficient for only those firms whose particular product portfolios have only a minimal requirement for such unstructured technical dialog. The hypothesis is tested upon a set of relatively young semiconductor firms. Support is found for the theoretically derived relationship even after controlling for rival explanations found in the literature.