Thinking about developmental states in Africa
反驳了1980-90年代认为非洲不可能存在发展型国家的观点，指出非洲确实有国家在抱负和经济表现上具有发展型特征，并强调应批判性审视这些经验以汲取有用教训。
During much of the 1980s and 90s, a literature emerged suggesting that ‘developmental states’ were impossible in Africa. The arguments given ranged from cultural ones about the pervasive nature of clientalism to structural ones on the dependence of African economies or the atypical levels of rent seeking in African economies. This paper argues that Africa has had states that were ‘developmental’ in both their aspirations and economic performance. It further argues that these experiences need to be examined critically for useful lessons, an exercise that has been hindered by an excessive levelling of the African political and economic landscapes.