Measurement-Error Diagnostics and the Sex Discrimination Problem
提出数值和图形诊断工具，用于在粗略知道测量误差方差或信度时，研究解释变量测量误差对回归结果的影响，并以性别歧视案例展示如何调整工资差异估计。
Numerical and graphical diagnostic tools are presented for studying the effect of explanatory-variable measurement errors on regression results when very rough knowledge about the measurement-error variances or reliabilities is available. These methods are exhibited on an example of sex discrimination in which male and female salaries are compared after adjustment for individual qualifications but the observed qualification variables are only proxies for what is actually desired. A measurement-error trace is suggested, much like a ridge trace, to exhibit effects of measurement errors of various sizes on the estimate of the adjusted sex difference in log salaries. An approximate Bayesian analysis for the simple functional model is also presented.