Who Stays Poor? Who Becomes Poor? Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
利用英国家庭面板调查数据，估计了工作年龄英国人的贫困持续和进入率的一阶马尔可夫模型，发现控制初始贫困状态和样本流失的内生选择很重要，贫困转换率存在显著异质性，但也存在真实的贫困状态依赖性。
We estimate a first-order Markov model of poverty persistence and entry rates for working-age Britons and demonstrate the importance of controlling for endogenous selection via initial poverty status and attrition. Predicted poverty transition rates reveal substantial heterogeneity in poverty transition rates, but there is also substantial genuine state dependence in poverty. Copyright Royal Economic Society 2002.