The social effects of punishment events: the influence of violator past performance record and severity of the punishment on observers' justice perceptions and attitudes
通过情景实验，研究了违规者的过往绩效记录和惩罚严厉程度如何影响第三方观察者的公正感知、对主管的态度及离职意愿，发现绩效差者更被认为应受惩罚，严厉惩罚更被视作公平。
This study examined how the perceptions and attitudes of third party observers of punishment events are influenced by characteristics of the violator and the punishment event itself. Using a scenario methodology, we manipulated the past performance record of the violator and the severity of the consequences administered by the supervisor. Subjects read the scenarios from the point of view of a coworker/ observer, and responded to questions measuring their perceptions of retributive justice and fairness of the punishment, as well as their desire for more punishment, their attitudes toward the supervisor, and their intention to leave the organization. Results showed that observers judged violators with poor performance records as more deserving of punishment than those with good records, and judged events as more fair when the manager's response was severe. Interactions between these two factors were also found to be significant. Implications of these findings are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.