Does Voting Technology Affect Election Outcomes? Touch-screen Voting and the 2004 Presidential Election
检验了电子投票技术是否影响2000年和2004年美国总统选举结果，发现电子投票与布什得票率正相关，但进一步分析表明这种关联不太可能是舞弊所致，而是与西班牙裔选民投票率下降有关。
Critics argue that electronic voting is vulnerable to fraud. We test whether voting technology affected electoral outcomes in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections. We find a positive correlation between use of electronic voting and George Bush vote share. The effect could have been large enough to influence the final results in some swing states. While this pattern would appear to be consistent with allegations of voting irregularities, a closer examination suggests this interpretation is unlikely. We find no evidence that electronic voting had a larger effect in swing states, or in states with a Republican secretary of state. We also find that electronic voting has a negative effect on turnout rates of Hispanics (who tend to favor Democrats). Electronic voting was more likely to be used in counties with a higher fraction of Hispanics; especially in swing states. Copyright by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.