Politics and Organizational Learning
论文认为组织学习依赖于工作场所中基于政治、社会及公民权利与义务的自由开放政治体系，并从心理空间、制度压力和组织内部政治过程三个层面论证如何通过政治过程为学习和创新创造空间。
In this paper it is argued that organizational learning is facilitated by a free and open form of politics in the workplace based on a system of political, social and civil rights and obligations within a framework of legitimate authority, parallel to the system that exists in the wider society. The argument is developed by examining issues at three related levels: why ‘psychic’ space is needed to nurture selfidentity and learning; the institutional pressures in the wider social environment that bring about learning within a whole business sector through open political activity; and how existing organizational learning theory and practice reveal numerous ways in which space for learning and innovation can be made available within work organizations through political processes. Finally, suggestions are made for ways of creating a framework within organizations that will enable such processes to develop.