How established firms respond to threatening technologies
研究了八家新兴行业中的二十七家面临替代威胁的成熟企业，分析了行业发展的共同模式及这些企业的进入策略，指出了常见挑战与陷阱，为选择进入威胁性新兴行业的企业提供启示。
Executive Overview Major product innovations that create new industries are considered from the perspective of established firms for whom the innovation poses a substitution threat. Based upon a study of eight young industries and twenty-seven leading “threatened firms,” common patterns of industry development are considered, as are the participation strategies of those companies that decided to enter the new field. The challenges and pitfalls that were often encountered are examined and implications are developed for firms that choose to enter threatening young industries. While there are no assured success formulas, the discussion highlights some of the problems that can be encountered and suggests possibilities for avoiding them.