Imports, Domestic Production, and Transnational Vertical Integration: A Theoretical Note
比较了一个发展中国家在进口汽车、由跨国子公司生产或由国内企业通过许可合同生产三种模式下的国民福利，发现多数情况下子公司模式更优，并讨论了模型未考虑的因素。
Suppose a developing country has the choice of importing cars (I), or producing them at home in a subsidiary (S) of a transnational company, or in a domestic firm under a licensing (L) contract from a transnational which ties the import of components from the latter. If the criterion of national benefit is given by consumer surplus under I or S and by consumer surplus plus the profits of the domestic firm under L, we compare the benefits from the alternative regimes I, S, or L under different market structure assumptions. In most cases the regime S seems to dominate. The conclusions are then modified by pointing to factors excluded from the basic model.