Commercial/Industrial Customer Response to Time-of-Use Electricity Prices: Some Experimental Results
分析了一个涉及700多家中小型商业/工业企业的分时电价实验，发现夏季分时需求费率下用户对峰谷用电的替代弹性虽小但统计显著，大型企业响应更大，其福利收益在第一年就超过了强制实施所需的额外计量成本。
This article analyzes a time-of-use pricing experiment involving over 700 small and medium size commercial/industrial firms. Two basic rate structures were implemented: one with time-varying demand (kW) charges and a flat energy (kWh) charge, and the other with time-varying energy charges and a flat kW charge. A small but statistically significant elasticity of substitution between peak and offpeak (kWh) consumption is estimated for the Summer season in the overall sample for firms facing the time-of-use demand rate. A substantially larger response is estimated in the Summer season for the subgroup of large firms in the experiment that faced a time-of-use demand rate, and this response translates into a welfare gain that in just the first year more than offsets the additional metering costs involved under mandatory implementation.