Paradox of Coordination and Control
研究了美国航空和西南航空的协调与控制体系，发现高速环境下实现协调的最佳方式不是扁平化组织，而是基于跨职能问责和充足监督的层级结构。
This article describes the contrasting systems of coordination and control at American and Southwest Airlines. Contrary to popular belief, the best way to achieve coordination in high velocity settings like the airline industry is not to create a flat organization based on performance measurement and little supervision. Rather it is better to build an organization based on cross-functional accountability to diffuse blame, with adequate supervisory staffing to provide coaching and feedback. Coordination benefits from strengthening this role of supervisors while weakening the role of accountability and performance measurement.