An inverse demand analysis with introduction of quality effects: an application to Spanish consumption of fruit and vegetables
利用1987-2000年西班牙家庭时间序列数据，在逆需求模型中引入质量效应，分析新鲜与加工果蔬的消费偏好，发现质量差异对价格有正向影响，而新鲜与加工品之间存在负向交叉质量弹性。
Abstract This article analyzes consumer preference for fruit and vegetables when, by using time series with socioeconomic characteristics of households, there can be seemingly unobserved quality effects, which are increased by aggregation. The changes in Spanish demand for fresh and processed fruit and vegetables over the period 1987–2000 are discussed. Following previous tests and analyses, quantities are taken as predetermined and prices as matching the offer conditions. Thus, quality effects (based on the nutritional and/or health value of the product) are estimated from the error terms associated with the functions of the unit values. Quality variables are introduced as taste shifters in the inverse demand system (Laitinen–Theil model). The results show the positive effects of quality differences on the normalized price for the group of products through own‐quality flexibilities, and the negative effects between fresh and processed products through cross‐quality flexibilities.