Behavioural and material determinants of production relations in agriculture
构建了一个分析农村地区生产与交换制度及生产要素的框架，结合风险、信息约束与农业物质属性，解释了土地稀缺环境下的制度特征，并探讨了土地租赁、动物抵押、小地主出租土地等现象。
In this essay we develop a framework for analysing the major institutions governing the production and exchange of output and the primary factors of production in rural areas. The analysis incorporates general considerations of risk and information constraints jointly with the principal material attributes of agriculture and of agricultural production factors. The framework is used to analyse barriers to the existence of the major intertemporal and factor markets. It is applied specifically to land‐scarce environments for which it provides an internally consistent explanation for many of the well‐documented institutional features of such settings. In addition, the analysis provides new implications for, among other phenomena, the inter‐relationships among ownership holdings, operational scale, family size and factor productivity; for the scarcity of animal rental markets and use of animals as collateral; for the renting out of land by small landowners; and for the existence of plantations for certain crops.