The Dragon and the Elephant: Agricultural and Rural Reforms in China and India
比较中国和印度自1978年以来的农业与农村改革路径，分析两者在经济增长、农业收入、农村贫困和不平等方面的不同表现。
In 1978 China's (the dragon's) per capita income1 was below that of India's (the elephant's) and the latter's was below that of Sub-Saharan Africa. After a quarter century of economic reforms, both China and India have surpassed Sub-Saharan Africa and China's per capita income is almost double that of India. China and India have achieved unprecedented levels of prosperity and now top the list of the world's fastest growing economies. While these countries are major players in the global economy, they also account for the bulk of the world's poverty. China's economic transformation began with changes to institutional structures by encouraging land use change through the household responsibility system and freeing agricultural markets. India's approach to reform was quite different. It emphasised structural adjustment in industrial and trade policies, and the removal of bureaucratic barriers to change. As a result, agriculture grew rapidly in both countries and rural poverty decreased. However, the growth of agricultural income has been higher in China and the rate of poverty decline much slower in India. But inequality has also increased significantly in both countries, especially in China.