Efficiency, Equity and Poverty Alleviation: Policy Issues in Less Developed Countries
探讨了在欠发达国家中，提高资源配置效率的政策如何同时帮助穷人，并分析了在代理成本和协调问题严重时，再分配项目如何提升生产效率，讨论了土地改革、定向转移支付和地方自治机构在减贫中的作用。
In this paper we start by noting that policies that help growth by improving allocational efficiency may also help the poor. We then go on to consider cases where in view of serious agency costs and coordination problems (particularly involving processes in credit and insurance markets) there may be a great deal of scope for trying redistributive projects which at the same time enhance productive efficiency, contrary to the message of efficiency-equity trade-off central to mainstream policy economics. In this context we discuss the efficiency effects of asset distribution programs like land reform. We then examine the merits and costs of targeting transfers aimed at improving their cost-effectiveness, including issues of self-selection by the poor and of targeting disadvantaged groups and backward areas. Finally, we discuss governance structures and focus on the role of.self-governing institutions at the local level in improving efficiency and equity in poverty alleviation.