HAPPY TOGETHER? HOW USING NONSTANDARD WORKERS AFFECTS EXIT, VOICE, AND LOYALTY AMONG STANDARD EMPLOYEES.
研究了混合用工（标准与非标准员工同岗）对标准员工的影响，发现它恶化管理者与员工关系、降低忠诚度、增加离职意愿和通过工会建言的兴趣，但效果因非标准员工类型和标准员工薪资职责而异。
We examined how a blended workforce (one with "standard" and "nonstandard" workers in the same jobs) affected exit, "voice," and loyalty among standard employees. We found that workforce blending worsened relations between managers and employees, decreased standard employees' loyalty, and increased their interest both in leaving their organizations and in exercising voice through unionization. However, these effects were contingent on whether the nonstandard workers were temporary or contract and on the salary and responsibilities of the standard employees.