Homophily and Differential Returns: Sex Differences in Network Structure and Access in an Advertising Firm
研究提出并检验了两种网络机制（同质性倾向和资源转化能力）如何导致组织权力分配的性别不平等，发现男性更易形成同质关系并从中获得更高回报，而女性则依赖与男性的工具性联系。
Herminia Ibarra Harvard University This paper argues that two network mechanisms operate to create and reinforce gender inequalities in the organizational distribution of power: sex differences in homophily (i.e., tendency to form same-sex network relationships) and in the ability to convert individual attributes and positional resources into network advantages. These arguments were tested in a network analytic study of men's and women's interaction patterns in an advertising firm. Men were more likely to form homophilous ties across multiple networks and to have stronger homophilous ties, while women evidenced a differentiated network pattern in which they obtained social support and friendship from women and instrumental access through network ties to men. Although centrality in organization-wide networks did not vary by sex once controls were instituted, relative to women, men appeared to reap greater network returns from similar individual and positional resources, as well as from homophilous relationships.'