Slack, Shortage, and Discouraged Consumers in Eastern Europe: Estimates Based on Smoothing by Aggregation
提出一种新方法，从加总数据中估计需求与供给曲线及短缺与松弛程度，并应用于东欧五国消费品市场，发现即使考虑受挫消费者效应，短缺也鲜有松弛严重。
As a consequence of aggregation over markets, the observed quantity may be less than the quantity demanded and less than the quantity supplied. To deal with such situations, a new technique is proposed for estimating demand and supply curves and the extent of shortage and slack. The technique is applied to the consumption goods markets of Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Yugoslavia. It is found that shortage, even corrected for a discouraged consumer effect, is seldom as great as slack. © 1988 The Society for Economic Analysis Limited.