Strategies for Two Sided Markets
研究了双边市场中不同用户群体相互吸引的网络效应如何影响定价、竞争和行业集中度，并分析了平台吞并竞争对手的条件。
When markets have different types of users that attract one another, more demand from one group can spur additional demand from the matched group in a virtuous cycle. These effects are often present in markets. Examples include application developers/users, credit card merchants/cardholders, and dating sites for men/women. Network effects in these two-sided markets significantly affect prices, competition, and industry concentration. Prices generally fall for the group that is the stronger attractor. Winner-take-all markets can arise depending on the strength of these network effects, economies of supply, specialization, and multihoming. Finally, when users of one overlap users of another, there is an opportunity for platform envelopment where one swallows a competitor. Bundling features that attract one group of the competitor's users can bring along the matching group.