Technology development mode: a transaction cost conceptualization
研究企业选择技术联盟还是内部研发的影响因素，基于交易成本理论，发现资产专用性低、技术不确定性高、创新绩效可测性强、联盟经验丰富及产品市场增长慢的企业更倾向联盟。
Technology alliances have emerged in the past decade as a significant mode for the development of innovation. The present research assesses the factors explaining whether firms will engage in such technology alliances or utilize the more traditional mode of internal R&D. The hypotheses stem from a transaction cost conceptualization. Results suggest that firms which pursue technology alliances are likely to have less commitment to product category-specific assets, to face higher technological uncertainty, to be more capable at measuring innovation performance, to have more successful technology alliance experiences, and to compete in lower growth product categories. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.