The Economist's Lament: Public Assistance in America
概述美国福利制度的主要特征及其主要批评，讨论经济学家提出的改革方案，并考察福利行为效应及替代方案的新证据，结论认为新证据对根本改革争议基本无关。
This survey will provide a brief summary of the main features of the U.S. welfare system together with an assessment of some major criticisms of it. I will discuss major reforms proposed by economists and consider some recent evidence about the behavioral effects of welfare and alternatives to it. In the 1960s, many optimists believed that better research on welfare programs and the poor would result in improved policy making. In light of the absence of fundamental reform, it might seem that the new information has tended to support the status quo or to undercut proposed reforms to it. Although unsatisfactory, perhaps the current system is less unsatisfactory than any of the alternatives. I shall argue in the conclusion that much of the new evidence has turned out to be irrelevant to the main points at issue among advocates and opponents of fundamental reform.