Modelling Price Dispersion as an Outcome of Competition in the Irish Grocery Market
研究了爱尔兰独立杂货市场中同类产品品牌间的价格离散，发现竞争加剧时价格离散增加，且品牌定价在不同消费者群体间引发局部价格竞争。
The paper empirically models price dispersion between related brands within product categories of the Irish Independent Grocery market. Retail brand prices are averaged over the independent shops stocking the brand. Since individual brands are retailed through different groups of shops, brands are priced over heterogeneous consumer segments. Brand price dispersion is estimated to increase with competition when conditioned on brand distribution structures, while controlling for other observed and unobserved deterministic factors. The data suggest that brand pricing across consumer groups induce varying degrees of localised price competition rather than pricing across segments to extract consumer willingness to pay.